Negligence On The Part Of Mac Tools-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Advise Mactools Ltd as to its legal Position citing relevant legal Authority. Answer: Issue The question to determined respect to the given scenario is whether provisions of negligence as provided by law of torts along with the provisions of the Australian consumer law as provided through scheduled 2 of the competition and consumer Act 2010 create a legal liability for MacTools Ltd. Rules The rules provided by common law with respect to the tort of negligence along with the Australian consumer law is used to determine the liability of a manufacturer in Australia. As provided by the principles of common law any harm cost to a buyer for user of a goods manufactured by a manufacturer is the responsibility of such manufacturer. The principal was provided through the landmark case of Donoghue vs Stevenson 1932 AC 522. Only when a person alleged of owing a duty of care can reasonably foresee an injury to be caused to some other person through their actions can a actual duty of care exist. Usually the force ability test is used to identify whether a duty of care is vested in a person or not. That test was used in the case of Chapman vs Hearse 1961 106 CLR 112. However with changing legal principles in Australia at present only those principles which have been pre determined through cases are used to identify the existence of a duty of care. It is an already established principal in Australia that a manufacturer owes a duty of care to a consumer who uses its goods. If the duty of their food by the manufacturer is violated a claim against him is established. As provided by the case of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd[2013] HCA 54 the inability of a manufacturer to act in specific circumstances in the same way as a reasonable person would have what the breach of consumer guarantees by the manufacturer is educate to initiate that the existing duty of care has been breached by the manufacturer. The Civil liability Act 2002 NSW states that a standard of care which has to be observed by a person towards another is determined through the analysis of four elements which include the degree seriousness involved in the injury, the onus of taking precautions, the probability of the injury in case the due care is not observed and the social needs of the activity. The actual Harm which the plaintiffs suffers is signified through the concept of causation. It was provided by the judges through the case of Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge Willemstedt (1976) 136 CLR 529 that in most of the cases where pure economic loss is not involved the real cause of the injury is the breach of the duty or not can be analysed by applying the but for test although there are various other tests available for matters of a more Complex nature. The test determines causation by analysing that if the defendant had been reasonable towards his duties then the harm would have still been caused or not. Along with the primary three elements needed to establish negligence the concept of foreseeability or remoteness is also used by the courts to determine duty of care. The defendant is usually not considered to be liable to any damages if the court comes to the conclusion that the injuries suffered by the plaintiff was to remote to make the defendant liable although if it is established that the defendant has committed negligence. The test which is used to determine whether a event was to remote to be compensated or not is known as the excel test. The test had been stopped to be used after the Vagabond number one case however in Australia the case is still used with a few modifications such as in the case of Nadar vs urban transit authority of NSW 1985 2 NSWLR 501. In Australia contributory negligence commonly arises when it can be identified that the person to whom the injury was caused was negligent himself towards causing the injury. Historically when the concept of contributory negligence arise the courts used to cancel the whole claim of negligence and provide relief to the defendant because of the negligent action of the defendant. However presently the whole claim is not defeated because of contributory negligence rather the court analyses how much negligence was contributed towards the heart by the plaintiff in order to find out what damages should be paid to them as in the recent case of Maureen Townsend v Phillip ODonnell [2016] NSWCA 288 the concept had been used in Australia where the court only provided 60% of the compensation to the plaintiff. Another case in Australia main damages the proportionate it because of contributory negligence is the case of Logar v Ambulance Service of NSW (Sydney Region) [2016] NSWDC 255. In this case the court only provided 40% of the total compensation to the plaintiff. Application In Australia already established principles are used to determine the liability in negligence. MacTools ltd who are the manufacturers of the drill will automatically have a duty of care to any individual who uses or purchase the drill. In the present scenario Aurora who was provided the drill by Maulan who actually purchased it from MacTools for use, thus Aurora is entitled to be owed with a duty of care by MacTools. As provided in the scenario there was as little as 1% chance that there would be problems with the drill if it is used for a period of more than 5 minutes. However given the amount of injury which could result out of the use of drill in case they did not know about such facts a reasonable person should have informed the plaintiff about the chances of malfunction. However such actions were not undertaken by MacTools as they would have incur loss if they had to recall the drill. They would have been no injury Cause to Aurora if such simple instructions of not using the drill for a elongated period would have been passed to them for the drill would have been taken back for repairs. Therefore it is proved beyond reasonable doubt that MacTools can be charged for negligence. On the other hand, clear instructions are provided through the drill, that any person who uses the grill must ensure the safety his eyes by wearing protective goggles. As this information was not read by Morgan he was not able to provide this information to Arora as a result Arora got injured by not using the protective goggles. Therefore in such circumstances it can be provided that Aurora herself was negligent towards her own safety and contributed to the harm. In such situations the compensation to be paid to her would be adjusted based on the principles of contributory negligence. Another person Jessica who was a glass artist had incurred financial losses as the malfunction of the drill caused problems to the electric line and a glass structure which she was designing got damaged. According to the principles of remoteness only the initial harm is entitled to be compensated. Therefore no legal liability exist for MacTools towards Jessica. Conclusion There is negligence on the part of Mac tools There is contributory negligence on the part of Arora No legal liability exist with respect to Jessica. References Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd[2013] HCA 54 Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge Willemstedt (1976) 136 CLR 529 Chapman v Hearse (1961) 106 CLR 112 Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) Donoghue vs Stevenson 1932 AC 522. Logar v Ambulance Service of NSW (Sydney Region) [2016] NSWDC 255 Maureen Townsend v Phillip ODonnell [2016] NSWCA 288.

Inductive and Deductive Agruments free essay sample

This class uses this definition of â€Å"argument† to determine how to build a position on certain subjects, and reasoning to convince others to accept the final claim or conclusion (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic  11/e, 2012, 2). If  more logical arguments were presented, there might be  fewer non-logical arguments or nonarguments. This gets to the main subject of comparing and contrasting inductive and deductive arguments. Statements can be considered arguments or nonarguments. Arguments can be either inductive or deductive. An argument leads to a conclusion led by a premise or premises. The premises can be true or false, in which case will change a deductive argument from sound to unsound and vice versa. The same is true for inductive arguments but the wording is cogent or uncogent. These arguments also have a terminology that describes them even further. A deductive argument can be valid or invalid, and an inductive argument can be strong or weak. We will write a custom essay sample on Inductive and Deductive Agruments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the biggest difference between the two includes; that an inductive argument includes new information into the argument to make the final conclusion, deductive arguments use repeating information to get to a conclusion, and wording (Smith, Mathew 2012, Logical Argument). The subject of what constitutes as an argument, it needs to consist of one or more premises and a conclusion (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic   11/e, 2012, 14). When the premises present high-quality reasons to accept the conclusion it is stated that it is an argument. If the premises fail to support the conclusion it is still considered an argument as it has a premise and a conclusion. Being an argument does not always make the conclusion  true; that only predetermines that the conclusion follows from the premises. If  the premises are reasonable, and the final claim relates to the premises, the conclusion is very likely to be true (Hurley, 16). In other words, it is necessary for a statement to have a premise and a conclusion to be recognized as an argument in this Logic class. The argument needs to be checked if the premises are true or reasonable to  believe, and if the statements are clear. If all this is the case, it is a logical argument. If there logical argument that is deductive it is called sound. If there is a logical argument that is inductive it is called cogent. In a  deductive  argument, a person states that the conclusion must be correct  if, and only if, the premises are true. If the premises support the final claim, it is a  valid  argument: 1. Dogs have whiskers. 2. Animals with whiskers are mammals. C. Dogs are mammals. This is a deductive argument that is valid and has true premises it is called a  sound  argument. If the premises are false but the conclusion is true it is considered an unsound argument. This is a valid argument, but it is unsound. Here is an example. 1. All birds can fly. 2. A penguin is a bird. C. A penguin can fly. This is a valid argument because the premises support the conclusion, but a penguin clearly cannot fly. The premise all birds can fly is false making it an unsound argument. If a deductive argument has bad or incorrect logic, the premises do not support the conclusion even if the premises are true, the argument is  invalid. 1. All humans are mammals. 2. Mike’s dog is a mammal. C. Mike’s dog is a human. 1. When Tim takes a shower, Tim gets wet. 2. Tim is wet. C. Tim must have taken a shower. Both conclusions are false: Mike’s dog, clearly, is not a human, and Tim could have just fallen in a ditch, or even was sprayed by a water gun. These examples show that truth of the premises is irrelevant for the validity of an argument and that validity relies solely on the logical form and if the premises support the conclusion. When a deductive argument has false premises and a true conclusion or if it has true premises but bad logic, the argument is flawed and we should reject its conclusion. It is unsound. If a deductive argument is clear, valid  and has all true premises, it is a valid sound  argument and there is a reason to accept its conclusion. In an  inductive  argument, a person claims that the conclusion is true and it is highly likely if the premises are true. If an inductive argument is logical, we call it a  strong  argument. If an inductive argument has bad or incorrect logic, the argument is  weak. Here are a few examples: 1. Most students at a community college live within a 20 mile radius of the campus. 2. OJC is a community college. 3. Kurt is a student at OJC. C. He must live within a 20 mile radius of OJC. This conclusion is very probable because the premises are germane to the conclusion. Only because, all of the premises are true it is a cogent argument. We may say that this argument is true. . Taylor and Ana are both students at OJC. 2. Ana is tall and so is Taylor. 3. Ana and Taylor are both 20 years old. 4. Ana majors in math, and so does Taylor. 5. Ana is on the volleyball team. C. Taylor must be on the team, too. This conclusion comes from outer space, nowhere. There are no premises that pertain to our conclusion, except maybe that Ana and Taylor are both tall. This makes it an uncogent argument. The argument says not hing about athletic abilities, which Ana probably has because she is on the volleyball team. This does not mean that Taylor is athletic and can play volleyball. In order for an inductive argument to be strong and cogent, it should have reasonable and true premises that are relevant to the conclusion. If one or more premises are false it is a weak and uncogent argument. Reasonable people should believe the conclusions of sound and strong arguments because a sound or strong argument is that it is clear or defined as free from ambiguity or vagueness, has good logic  and  true premises (The Traditional Square of Opposition,  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). If an argument has good logic, its conclusion must be true if all the premises are true, it is obvious that the conclusion of a sound or strong argument is true. It is obvious that any human with reason should accept the conclusion of a sound or strong argument. A few more differences between inductive and deductive arguments are the wording and the ability to use special abilities to distinguish between a good or bad logic arguments. A deductive argument states that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true. These require necessary reason. An inductive argument states that it is improbable for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true. They include probabilistic reasoning. There are key words in argument that play a key role in determining if the argument is Inductive or Deductive. A deductive argument could include different words such as necessarily, certainly, absolutely, or definitely (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic   11/e, 2012, 33). Inductive arguments probably include words such as probably, improbable, plausible, implausible, likely, or unlikely (Hurley, 33). Deductive arguments have many different forms. These forms are usually considered a deductive argument but each can be considered on a case-by-case bases. Arguments that usually include mathematics, definitions, or syllogism are considered deductive. There are also different forms of syllogism. Categorical, hypothetical and disjunctive are three that were taught. Inductive arguments also contain different forms and those include: predictions, analogies, generalizations, authorities, signs, and casual inference. Some arguments become hard to determine which is deductive and which is inductive (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic  11/e, 2012, 34). There is a list of steps to follow just like the order of operations in math. First, does the premise provide absolute support for the conclusion? If so this is a deductive argument. Next, if an argument has a specific deductive character or form. It is obviously deductive. The third indicator is having an inductive character or form. This would be considered an inductive argument. The fourth factor is that it could contain inductive language such as the list of words above. The next indicator is if it contains deductive language. The last factor is if the premise provides only probable support for the conclusion. It can truly be difficult to determine between inductive and deductive arguments if they are incomplete and not in a correct form (Hurley, 36). There are definitely differences between inductive and deductive arguments. The best way to determine if it is inductive or deductive is to follow the six rules. It is much easier to determine if the argument is in a correct form and logical. The wording of each is very important and their definitions of being cogent, strong, valid, or sound is a very good way of determining the type of argument. BIBLOGRAPHY Parsons, Terence 2012, the Traditional Square of Opposition. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/square/) Retrieved Feb. 2, 2013. Smith, Mathew 2012, Logical Argument, (http://www. actdu. org. au/archives/actein_site/logarg__. html) Retrieved Feb. 2 2013. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007, Argument. (http://www. actdu. org. au/archives/actein_site/logarg__. html) Retrieved Jan. 30, 2013. Hurley, P. 2012,  A Concise Introduction to Logic 11/e. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2013.

Master and Margarita free essay sample

Though he may have shown a little bit more of one side than the other, and there are even a few events that will have you thinking to yourself about whether the act from Professor Woland was an act of evil or really a good act that may have just come off as evil at first. I still think that Professor Woland has many great examples of both good and evil that are shown throughout the book. In The Master and Margarita, by Mikail Bulgakov there are many different examples of good and evil. I think that an obvious example of good and evil throughout the whole novel is Professor Woland.Bulgakov makes it clearly known to the reader that Professor Woland is supposed to be the devil. The first example of Professor Woland being the devil is when he predicts the way that Berlioz will die. He says that Berlioz will get his head cut off by a train and a few more pages into the book, Berlioz actually does get his head cut off by a train. We will write a custom essay sample on Master and Margarita or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After this happens, Ivan is very confused and really starts to wonder about the man he knew as Professor Woland. There are still many more examples in the book that prove that make it very evident that the character, Professor Woland, is supposed to be the devil.It seems as if Professor Woland can control anything that he wants to but just chooses to do the wrong thing for the most part. This theme shown by Professor Woland will be shown very many times in this essay. There are some parts in the story where Professor Woland chooses to do the right thing with his powers to control what he wants. The main example that I can think of where Professor Woland uses his power, and it benefits someone besides himself is when he was able to recover the Master’s writing from its ashes after it had been burned by the Master.This benefitted the Master greatly because had Professor Woland not recovered the story from the ashes then the Master never would have been able to get it back and everything that he had already written would have been lost forever. This ends up being a very crucial part in the book. This example shows that there are sometimes where Professor Woland would use his power for good instead of evil. He could have just not helped the Master at all, and he would have just been left with a pile of ashes that used to be his story. Even though this did help Professor Woland, it still had a positive impact on the Master.Had Professor Woland always used his powers for good instead of evil, he would have been able to great things for people throughout the novel. Another example of how Professor Woland does evil in the novel is how he manipulates Likhodeyev so that Professor Woland can have seven performances of black magic at his theatre. Likhodeyev wakes up, and feels very hung over. Professor Woland is standing right there with a piece of paper that has Likhodeyev’s signature on it, stating that Professor Woland may do his performances at Likhodeyev’s theatre.Likhodeyev does not remember signing this at all. Even though he does not remember, he still feels like he must let him do the performances because his signature is on the contract. This is a great example of Professor Woland doing evil because he has manipulated LIkhodeyev. He has definitely not used his power for good in this example. So far throughout my essay, it seems as if most of what Professor Woland does in the book is evil, but there are still some more parts where he uses his power to help out other people.There is an event in the novel where Professor Woland shows both good and evil qualities. This event is Satan’s ball. The ball is full of famous and evil people and Margarita is the hostess. So far this seems like Professor Woland has not done anything wrong yet. The end of the ball is where he does his evil. The ball is where the murder of Baron Maigel takes place. Obviously this is a very evil thing to do because he has taken the life of another person. In my opinion, causing death to someone else is the ultimate evil that one can do.Even though this is a very evil thing to do, Professor Woland still ended up having a good act that helps someone besides himself. The good that Professor Woland does in this event is when he lets Margarita have one wish because she was the hostess of the ball. Her wish is to be with the Master and soon after she makes her wish, Professor Woland makes sure that the Master is right there with her. I think that this is a good thing that Professor Woland did because he got to give Margarita something that she wanted and something that would make her happier.Things like this are what I think Professor Woland should always be using his powers for. Professor Woland also gives everyone their lives back that they wanted, if they wanted to be switched back. Everyone did except for Natasha. This is another good deed that Professor Woland did because he is using his powers to give people what they would like and making them happier. The fact that he did not have to do this but did any way, makes it a good thing that Professor Woland did. One of the main topics from the novel that poses a great example of the theme â€Å"Good Vs.Evil†, is where Professor Woland tries to convey to people that there really is a God and Devil. Many people in the book do not believe in God or the Devil and Professor Woland wants everyone to believe in both of them. I think that this example could be interpreted as both good and/or evil, depending on how you look at it. A good thing about it is that he wants people to believe in God. I guess I am a little bit biased because I am a firm believer that both God and the Devil really do exist. The evil that I see in this is the way that he goes about doing this.In order for Professor Woland to get people to believe him he sometimes has to take the life of other people. I definitely do think that it is a good thing that he wants people to believe in both of them but I do not believe that it is important enough to kill someone over it. The Master could believe that this is a completely good thing because Professor Woland is backing up the Master. Berlioz says that the Master describes God as being too real in his story and this is where Professor Woland comes in and begins to talk about how real God and the Devil really are.As shown in this essay, there are many signs of both good and evil in The Master and Margarita, by Mikail Bulgakov. While there are very clear examples of good and very clear examples of evil, there are still some that are just for the reader to interpret. There were probably a few different characters that I could have used to show the good and evil in the story but I felt that Professor Woland was a perfect character to use to convey the theme, â€Å"Good Vs. Evil†. I felt that Professor Woland fit the criteria for good and evil perfectly.He was the source of much of the good and evil that was shown throughout the book. As for the argument of â€Å"Good Vs. Evil† though, I believe that evil was shown more in this novel. Yes, there were some clear signs of good but it just seemed to me that there was much more evil shown in the book. For the most part, it kind of seemed like the evil usually over took the good. What I mean by this, is if there were something good that Professor Woland did, he usually would have something evil done to someone in the near future.Most of the time, his evil act that followed the good act would be much more severe than the good act that he had just done. Not only was Woland evil in the novel but many of the other characters did some things that definitely had a little bit of evil in them. Had I used every example of good and evil from the novel, the list would have gone on, and on, and on. So, just sticking with Professor Woland in this Essay seemed to have worked out pretty well.

Some Tips For Writing Better Essays

Some Tips For Writing Better EssaysAre you an English or Gre sample argument essay student? Do you find that your essays don't appear to be writing to the test? You're not alone. You are certainly not alone in looking for ways to improve your English or GRE sample essay.Many people do not have writing skills, and they find that there are essays which are not easy for them to write, and even harder to revise and improve upon. They make huge mistakes when doing so. This is unfortunate, as many potential students are losing out because of this. It is the responsibility of English and GRE sample essay teachers to take care of these students' shortcomings, and to help them learn to write and revise essays properly.It can be extremely beneficial for you to become more familiar with how to write essays. Even if you are an ESL or GRE sample argument essay student, it is always a good idea to be able to write essays with more confidence and clarity. There are many ways that you can start writ ing better essays. One of the best ways that you can try is to read more essays from other students, and begin to research the types of questions that they ask and write answers to those questions. Some writing tips that are offered for this purpose include looking for and noting down helpful questions to help you with your research.Also, it is important for you to know what you are supposed to write in order to get a good score on your GRE or English and GRE test. One of the things that is a part of this test is what to write about. If you can learn what is expected of you, then you will be able to write better essays in general.You can also take steps to writing better essays by studying essays that are written by other students who did not make it to college. Some essays may be completely different from your own in terms of the style and tone. However, even though they were written by another student, they should be valuable nonetheless. Take the time to find a few essays that yo u find particularly interesting, and analyze them to see if they provide a model for you to follow.Another tip for students of English and GRE test-taking is to take some writing practice. Write an essay on your own, but copy the assignment of a friend or someone who has more experience in writing. Go through the essay and determine whether you understand it, and if you understand it, how it applies to your coursework and to your current personal situation. Copy the essay and change it in small ways until you know exactly what you have to do in your essay to pass the test.One last piece of advice for students of English and GRE sample argument essay is to look at the entire essay for its consistency of what is expected of you. Also, try to remember that the essay is designed to be an evaluation of your capability in writing an essay. If the essay does not meet this standard, then you may want to rethink your strategy for succeeding in this examination. No one wants to pass this test without having written an essay that makes sense.With all of the difficult things to write about in this type of essay, it is best to consider the advice from English and GRE sample argument essay, and do your best to prepare yourself. If you can use the tips that are offered here, then you should succeed on your exam.

Learn VBA Macro Coding Word 2007

Learn VBA Macro Coding Word 2007 The goal of this course is to help people who have never written a program before learn to write one. Theres no reason why office workers, homemakers, professional engineers and pizza delivery persons shouldnt be able to take advantage of their own hand crafted custom computer programs to work faster and smarter. It shouldnt take a professional programmer (whatever that is) to do the job. You know what needs to be done better than anyone else. You can do it yourself! (And I say this as someone who has spent many years writing programs for other people ... professionally.) With that said, this is not a course in how to use a computer. This course assumes that you know how to use popular software and in particular, that you have Microsoft Word 2007 installed on your computer. You should know basic computer skills like how to create file folders (that is, directories) and how to move and copy files. But if youve always wondered what a computer program actually was, thats OK. Well show you. Microsoft Office isnt cheap. But you can get more value from that expensive software you already have installed. Thats a big reason we use Visual Basic for Applications, or VBA, along with Microsoft Office. There are millions who have it and a handful (maybe no one) who uses everything it can do. Before we go any further, however, I need to explain one more thing about VBA. In February 2002, Microsoft made a 300 billion dollar bet on a totally new technology base for their entire company. They called it .NET. Since then, Microsoft has been moving their entire technology base into VB.NET. VBA is the very last programming tool that still uses VB6, the tried and true technology that was used before VB.NET. (Youll see the phrase COM based to describe this VB6 level technology.) VSTO and VBA Microsoft has created a way to write VB.NET programs for Office 2007. Its called Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO). The problem with VSTO is that you have to buy and learn to use Visual Studio Professional.  Excel itself is still COM based too and .NET programs have to work with Excel through an interface (called the PIA, Primary Interop Assembly). So ... until Microsoft gets their act together and gives you a way to write programs that will work with Word and doesnt make you join the IT department, VBA macros are still the way to go. Another reason we use VBA is that it really is a fully baked (not half baked) software development environment that has been used for years by programmers to create some of the most sophisticated systems in existence. It doesnt matter how high your programming sights are set. Visual Basic has the power to take you there. What is a macro? You may have used desktop applications that support what is called a macro language before. Macros are traditionally just scripts of keyboard actions grouped together with one name so you can execute them all at once. If you always start the day by opening your MyDiary document, entering todays date, and typing the words, Dear Diary, Why not let your computer do that for you? To be consistent with other software, Microsoft calls VBA a macro language too. But its not. Its much more. Many desktop applications include a software tool that will let you record a keystroke macro. In Microsoft applications, this tool is called the Macro Recorder, but the result is not a traditional keystroke macro. Its a VBA program and the difference is that it does not simply replay the keystrokes. A VBA program gives you the same end result if possible, but you can also write sophisticated systems in VBA that leave simple keyboard macros in the dust. For example, you can use Excel functions in Word using VBA. And you can integrate VBA with other systems like databases, the web, or other software applications. Although the VBA Macro Recorder is very useful for simply creating simple keyboard macros, programmers have discovered that its even more useful to give them a running start in more sophisticated programs. Thats what were going to do. Start Microsoft Word 2007 with a blank document and get ready to write a program. The Developer tab in Word One of the first things that you have to do to write Visual Basic program in Word 2007 is find Visual Basic! The default in Word 2007 is to not display the ribbon that is used. To add the Developer tab, first click the Office button (the logo in the upper left corner) and then click Word Options. Click Show Developer tab in the Ribbon and then click OK. When you click the Developer tab, you have a whole new set of tools used to write VBA programs. Were going to use the VBA Macro Recorder to create your first program. (If the ribbon with all your tools keeps disappearing, you might want to right-click the ribbon and make sure Minimize the Ribbon is not checked.) Click Record Macro. Name your macro: AboutVB1 by typing that name in the Macro Name textbox. Select your current document as the location to store your macro and click OK. See the example below. (Note: If you pick All Documents (Normal.dotm) from the drop down menu, this test VBA program will, in effect, become a part of Word itself because it will then become available for every document you create in Word. If you only want to use a VBA macro in a specific document, or if you want to be able to send it to someone else, its a better idea to save the macro as part of the document. Normal.dotm is the default so you must change it.) With the Macro Recorder turned on, type the text, Hello World. into your Word document. (The mouse pointer will change into a miniature picture of a tape cartridge to show that keystrokes are being recorded.) (Note: Hello World is almost required for a First Program because the very first programming manual for the early computer language C used it. Its been a tradition ever since.) Click Stop Recording. Close Word and save the document using the name: AboutVB1.docm. You have to select a Word Macro-Enabled Document from the Save as Type dropdown. Thats it! You have now written a Word VBA program. Lets see what it looks like! Understanding what a VBA program is If you have closed Word, open it again and select the AboutVB1.docm file that you saved in the previous lesson. If everything was done correctly, you should see a banner at the top of your document window with a security warning. VBA and Security VBA is a real programming language. That means that VBA can do just about anything you need it to do. And that, in turn, means that if you receive a Word document with an embedded macro from some bad guy that macro can do just about anything too. So Microsofts warning is to be taken seriously. On the other hand, you wrote this macro and all it does is type Hello World so theres no risk here. Click the button to enable macros. To see what the Macro Recorder has created (as well as to do most other things that involve VBA), you need to start the Visual Basic Editor. Theres an icon to do that at the left side of the Developer ribbon. First, notice the left hand window. This is called the Project Explorer and it groups together the high level objects (well talk more about them) that are part of your Visual Basic project. When the Macro Recorder was started, you had a choice of the Normal template or the current document as a location for your macro. If you selected Normal, then the NewMacros module will be part of the Normal branch of the Project Explorer display. (You were supposed to select the current document. If you did select Normal,  delete the document and repeat the previous instructions.) Select NewMacros under Modules in your current project. If there still isnt any code window displayed, click Code under the View menu. The Word document as a VBA container Every Visual Basic program must be in some kind of file container. In the case of Word 2007 VBA macros, that container is a (.docm) Word document. Word VBA programs cant run without Word and you cant create standalone (.exe) Visual Basic programs like you can with Visual Basic 6 or Visual Basic .NET. But that still leaves a whole world of things you can do. Your first program is certainly short and sweet, but it will serve to introduce the major features of VBA and the Visual Basic Editor. The program source will normally consist of a series of subroutines. When you graduate to more advanced programming, youll discover that other things can be part of the program besides subroutines. This particular subroutine is named AboutVB1. The subroutine header must be paired with an End Sub at the bottom. The parenthesis can hold a parameter list consisting of values being passed to the subroutine. Nothing is being passed here, but they have to be there in the Sub statement anyway. Later, when we run the macro, we will look for the name  AboutVB1. There is only one actual program statement in the subroutine: Selection.TypeText Text:Hello World! Objects, methods and properties This statement contains the big three: an objecta methoda property The statement actually adds the text Hello World. to the contents of the current document. The next task is to run our program a few times. Just like buying a car, its a good idea to drive it around for a while until it feels a little bit comfortable. We do that next. Programs and documents We have our glorious and complicated system ... consisting of one program statement ... but now we want to run it. Heres what thats all about. Theres one concept to be learned here that is very important and it often really confuses first timers: the difference between the program and the document. This concept is foundational. VBA programs have to be contained in a host file. In Word, the host is the document. In our example, thats AboutVB1.docm. The program is actually saved inside the document. For example, if this was Excel, we would be talking about the program and the spreadsheet. In Access, the program and the database. Even in standalone Visual Basic Windows application, we would have a program and a form. (Note: There is a trend in programming to refer to all high level containers as a document. This is specifically the case when XML ... another up and coming technology ... is being used. Dont let it confuse you. Although its a slight inaccuracy, you can think of documents as being roughly the same as files.) There are ... ummmmm .... about three main ways to run your VBA macro. You can run it from the Word Document.(Note: Two subcategories are to select Macros from the Tools menu or just press Alt-F8. If you have assigned the macro to a Toolbar or Keyboard shortcut, thats one more way.))You can run it from the Editor using the Run icon or Run menu.You can single-step through the program in debug mode. You should try every one of these methods just to become comfortable with the Word/VBA interface. When you finish, you will have a whole document filled with repeats of Hello World! Running the program from Word is fairly easy to do. Just select the macro after clicking the Macro icon under the View tab. To run it from the Editor, first open the Visual Basic editor and then either click the Run icon or select Run from the menu. Heres where the difference between the Document and the Program might become confusing to some. If you have the document minimized or perhaps have your windows arranged so the editor is covering it, you can click the Run icon over and over and nothing seems to happen. But the program is running! Switch to the document again and see. Single stepping through the program is probably the most useful problem solving technique. This is also done from the Visual Basic editor. To try this out, press F8 or select Step Into from the Debug menu. The first statement in the program, the Sub statement, is highlighted. Pressing F8 executes the program statements one at a time until the program ends. You can see exactly when the text is added to the document this way. There are a lot of more refined debugging techniques such as Breakpoints, examining program objects in the Immediate Window, and the use of the Watch Window. But for now, simply be aware that this is a primary debugging technique you will use as a programmer. Object Oriented Programming The next class lesson is all about Object Oriented Programming. Whaaaattttt! (I hear you moaning) I just want to write programs. I didnt sign up to be a computer scientist! Fear Not! There are two reasons why this is a great move. First, in todays programming environment, you simply cant be an effective programmer without understanding object oriented programming concepts. Even our very simple one-line Hello World program consisted of an object, a method, and a property. In my opinion, not understanding objects is the biggest single problem beginning programmers have. So were going to confront the beast right up front! Second, were going to make this as painless as possible. Were not going to confuse you with a load of computer science jargon. But right after that, were going to jump right back into writing programming code with a lesson where we develop a VBA macro that you can probably use! We perfect that program a little more in the next lesson and finish up by showing you how to start using VBA with several applications at one time.

The role of Production department in the organization Essay

The role of Production department in the organization - Essay Example The intention of this study is a Joint venture as an effort to form an entity, jointly together by any two entities, to undertake any economic activity for lawful purposes. Forming joint ventures is therefore one of the most prominent methods of entering into new markets as it provides an opportunity to tap into the local knowledge as well as skills to make a successful entry. Legally, a joint venture is a partnership which takes place for the short period of time by more than one party for any mutually beneficial purposes. As a general rule, each party to the joint venture contribute its assets towards the formation of the joint venture and also at the same time share the risks involved in forming such partnership. One of the benefits of forming a joint venture therefore is to gain access to the new markets as two entities; one foreign and one domestic and as such foreign entity often bring in new technologies which can benefit the domestic entities due to technology transfer. In US , Joint ventures are mostly regulated by Partnership laws, Contract Act as well as commercial transaction laws. In an increasingly complex business environment, the overall role of the organization and its top management is one of the most critical jobs that have to be performed. It is argued that the role of leadership is always to provide the vision for the future therefore the overall purpose and direction of strategic management is relatively different from that of the lower level of management.

Educational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Educational Change - Essay Example The USA government has invested a lot in research to better the education systems so that its citizens can be more innovative and competitive. The extensive research has brought about many changes in the education sector. This paper will discuss the key changes that have occurred in the USA system of education and their impact. Additionally, the paper will also look at the driving forces to the changes giving more attention to technological changes. The paper will also discuss how good leadership catalyzes educational changes in an institution. Educational competition is evident globally, and all nations are looking forward to making their students the best in the world. The USA has made graduating from high school to college a national imperative. The education system and curriculums are more focused on ensuring that students are competitive in their careers. This is an improvement to the former system whereby the student was supposed to read a lot of course work which might not relate to the career in the future (Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2007). The K12 education system is aimed at providing complete and competitive education. The requirement for college education has been raised which translates into mandatory better reading in high school levels. The number of teachers recruited in every school is much higher as compared to the numbers recruited in the past. The educational institutions are more ambitious in the kind of teachers that are recruited and how they are prepared and developed to meet the pre-set goal (Hargreaves, 2010). The academic requirement of principals and teachers is quite high, and hence schools have a good workforce to deliver quality education. It has become obligatory that every school has data systems that record education performance of every student (Razik & Swanson, 2010). Such systems provide the teachers with a good reflection of the students past