Islam Spread Essays - Monotheistic Religions, Conversion To Islam

Islam Spread Islam is known as one of the fastest-expanding religions in history. Only contained in Arabia in 632, its conquests led to its expansion to Persia and Egypt by 656, and to Africa, Spain, and other parts of Persia by 750. Many methods were used in order to spread to such an extensive empire. Muslims were very reasonable people. They were tolerant, and offered many alternatives to the other religions of conquered lands. Mohammed once stated that another religion can either believe in Islam, or pay to keep his own religion. He would give the religions protection in exchange for obedience. Mohammed, however, threatens the lives of children or elders related to those who did not obey (Document1). This was one of his most powerful methods of obtaining new lands. Another method used by Mohammed was that he offered many reasons to other religions as to why they should convert to Islam. First and foremost, he offered them direction and guidance to heaven, which, alongside Muslims, was an eagerly anticipated place by Christians and Jews (Document 2). The writer of History of Arabs (Document 3) describes the Muslim people as those who consider each other equals under Allah, and who worship him to the fullest. They would rather be in heaven with him than a child under him on earth. The expansion of Islam was also obviously obtained by means of conquering lands around Arabia. The impression of surrounding lands on the Muslim army is that they were strong, determined, relentless fighters who conquered any land they pleased. They had countless weapons and a drive that could cut through thick steel (Document 4). Despite these characteristics, however, they would only fight upon attack, in self defense (Document 6). The expansion of Islam was viewed by many as the most reasonable expansion of any religion. It was believed that the Christians were below the Muslims in that they fought whenever possible, and persecuted all other religions. Despite the belief of spiritual drive for conquest, some believe the expansion of Islam was due to the deep desire for a more modern life (Document 7); they were driven to settle in the fertile crescent in order to obtain these modern luxuries, rather than make spiritual achievements more primitive areas. There were many ways by which the Muslims conquered surrounding lands. Alternatives, benefits, and warfare were simply three such means of achieving such power and conquest.

Teaching Emotive Language

Teaching Emotive Language Introduction Regardless of the audiences, public speakers and writers use â€Å"some form of emotive language to grab the attention of the listeners† (Carnine, 2007, p. 347). The speakers use captivating words like â€Å"tyranny† and â€Å"savagery† to trigger a reaction from the audience. The primary objective of using emotive language is to elicit an emotional response, thus making the audience more amenable to what is being said.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teaching Emotive Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Humans have a tendency to endorse or censure things based on emotional attachment. Thus, for one to win the approval of the audience, they have to be calculative in choosing their words. Besides, the speakers have to be cautious of the connotation. They have to avoid using ambiguous words that the audience might misconstrue and result in squabbles. Summary of Observat ion Notes The tone plays a significant role in emotive language. The tone of the speaker determines the level of attention of the audience. Tone entails numerous factors that include pitch and the speed of the speaker’s voice. Tone does not â€Å"necessarily correlate to the message, and if the speaker is not careful, their delivery can result in a confused audience† (Carnine, 2007, p. 349). Debbie OConnells tone is apposite for the target audience. She uses a low tone and does not shout to the audience. Such a tone does not startle the learners, therefore ensuring that they pay attention. Apart from using a low tone, the teacher does not speak very fast. OConnell uses a moderate pace when talking to the learners. The primary objective of using an average speed is to ensure that the learners get every word that comes from her mouth. With such a rhythm, it is easy for the students to understand what the instructor is saying as well as internalize it. To stir the emotion s of the audience, a speaker has to demonstrate confidence and be friendly. OConnell exudes a lot of confidence in what she is saying. Her voice and pronunciation are clear, therefore ensuring that the students understand everything that she teaches. Besides, she does not use sarcastic terms or phrases that might confuse the learners. Word choice is of great importance in emotive language. Speakers must choose words that are easy to understand and attract attention (Carnine, 2007). The speakers must ensure that they use words with favorable connotation. OConnell uses words that are not only easy to comprehend but also have favorable connotation. For instance, she uses the term â€Å"jagged† to describe the nature of the rocks. The word helps the learners to visualize and understand the environment or the habitat of the lion. Besides, she uses the term â€Å"innocent† when describing the cab as a way to evoke sympathy. By using the term â€Å"innocent†, she manag es to trigger the emotions of the learners and make them commiserate with the cab.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In so doing, the students understand the meaning of a sentence. Speakers are supposed to use words that communicate a feeling. For instance, OConnell uses the phrase staring hungrily to signify the strong attachment between the lion and its cab. In return, the students can figure out why a lion guards its cabs fiercely. Nonverbal communication like gestures is vital in emotive language. Gestures not only help to keep students attentive but also understand what the instructor is teaching (Kinnucan-Welsch, 2007). Debbie uses gestures to describe the nature of rocks as well as the lion. The gestures act as a teaching aid to make the learners understand. Debbie pauses as she reads the sentence to allow the students understand how they can use better words to make a sentence understandable. By the time she finishes the lesson, the students can identify the ordinary words that if replaced may lead to an appealing sentence. The students apply the thinking aloud technique that enables them to follow what the teacher is saying and understand. The primary objective of the lesson is to help learners understand the importance of replacing ordinary words in a sentence with better words. Moreover, the teaching aims at nurturing creativity in students by inspiring their imagination. Reflection From O’Connell’s video, it is clear that for one to give instructions effectively, they must adhere to certain principles. One has to purge all possible interruptions that might distract the audience. Besides, it is imperative to maintain eye contact when giving instructions. Maintaining eye contact helps to ensure that the audience remains attentive. Failure to maintain eye contact may lead to the audience not taking you seriously, therefo re ignoring whatever you are saying. The use of a firm voice makes the audience pay attention. A speaker should not use a commanding or shrill voice. Instead, the voice should be appealing to the listeners. One should be clear about what they want the listener to do. OConnell is not only clear about the objective of the lesson but also uses an appealing voice and maintains eye contact with the students. When asking questions, one should ensure that they do not use ambiguous words. The use of words with unfavorable connotation may attract negative answers or confuse a student. Hence, a question should be clear and well structured. A well-structured problem is easy to understand and answer. Summary of Year 5 Class Activity Direct Instruction The class activity entails investigating the idea of probability using marbles. The teacher places a box in front of the class and fills it with marbles of different colors. The teacher instructs one of the students to shake the box to ensure that the marbles get mixed up. The objective of shaking the box is to make sure that no marbles of the same color are close to one another. It increases the chance of picking marbles of different colors every time the students dip their hands into the box.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teaching Emotive Language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the beginning, the students mix a small number of marbles of each color. The teacher ensures that the students do not put the same number of marbles of each color into the box. After finishing the first experiment, the teacher instructs the students to increase the number of marbles of each color and repeat the experiment. The teacher assists the students to represent the probability of picking a marble of each color on a line. Besides, the students are asked to express the probability as percentages and fractions. After determining the probabilities, the students are requested to create column graphs and pie charts to represent the different possibilities. Purpose of Direct Instruction The primary objective of the direct instruction is to help students understand the likelihood of a particular event happening. Students encounter dilemmas in their daily life. In an event where a student has to choose between multiple options, it becomes difficult to make a viable choice. Having the knowledge of probability may go a long way towards helping a student to weigh between the existing options. Therefore, the objective of the direct instructions is to equip learners with skills in how to assess the possible repercussions of their decisions. Besides, the direct instructions aim at helping the students to learn how to express probabilities as percentages or fractions as well as interpret them. Students are asked to draw pie charts and column graphs to help in determining which type of marbles was dominant in the box. Besides, the students learn how to interpret probabilities using graphs and pie charts. Monitoring the Response of Students Teachers can tell if students have understood a concept by giving them simple exercises. A teacher is not supposed to introduce a new concept if a majority of the learners are not conversant with a previous theory. To know whether students have understood an activity, it is imperative to let them practice the exercise under supervision. Therefore, to monitor the response of the students, the instructor will ask the students to complete a class work that entails determining the probability of picking marbles of distinct colors. Besides, the teacher will give the students different possibilities and ask them to create column graphs and pie charts. Later, the students will interpret the graphs and pie charts to determine if they have understood the concept. The teacher will be keen to determine the accuracy of the answers that the students give. Research indicates that new behaviors are learned mo st rapidly when correct responses are immediately reinforced, and incorrect responses are eliminated (Baumann, 2005, p. 95). Consequently, the teacher will help learners to identify their mistakes and make the necessary adjustments.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assumptions about Teaching A teachers or students assumptions about teaching contribute to the success of a coursework. Both teachers and pupils have assumptions that they believe if upheld would facilitate the creation of a favorable learning environment (Baumann, 2005). Prior to this semester, students had many assumptions about teachings. While some of the assumptions were right, others were wistful and hard to accomplish or implement. One of the assumptions that were uncovered during this semester is the perception that hands-on experience amounts to effective teaching. There is no doubt that hands-on experience is an integral constituent of effective teaching. Nevertheless, it is important to note that experience cannot work alone (Emerson, 2014). The semester confirmed the importance of encouraging students to think aloud and use imagination. Students should use the experience gained in class to enhance the knowledge by articulating their thinking. The knowledge acquired durin g the semester confirmed that students cannot rely on experience alone. Instead, they ought to reflect on the experience and develop skills. As a teacher, one is supposed to train students in how to make good use of the experience they acquire both in class and outside. They can do this by establishing a participatory environment that challenges students to think (Emerson, 2014). Some teaching guides discuss the concept of the habit of mind. The guides emphasize the importance of pupils using facts to substantiate their claims. In other words, the experience that students gain in class should help to develop their creativity. The activities of this semester confirmed the importance of going beyond hands-on and emphasizing on a â€Å"minds-on† way of teaching. The second assumption that was uncovered during the semester is the notion that a teacher should never leave students to fend for themselves. Previously, a majority of learners assumed that teaching entails a teacher hel ping students in everything that they do (Garrison, 2006). The assumption may hold in some instances. However, it is imperative to allow students to work independently as this instills creativity and confidence. A teacher should only monitor the students and help them when necessary. Failure to let the students fend for them may hamper the capacity to assume responsibilities in future (Garrison, 2006). The activities of the semester revealed that students cannot take responsibility for their studies if they are not given time to work independently. Therefore, teachers should come up with a program that enables them to â€Å"carefully and gradually release responsibilities to the students when they are ready† (Giannakidou, 2006, p. 578). The activities confirmed the importance of allowing students to operate independently. The success of learning and teaching environment depends on the abilities of the teacher. Much of what the teacher does is not instantly apparent to those w ho think that education involves an adult doing most of the talking at quiet students (Hess, 2009, p. 452). Encouraging students to do research independently goes a long way towards enhancing teaching. For effective teaching, a teacher should be well-informed, considerate, and intentional. Moreover, teachers should work with learners and delegate responsibilities to students based on their capabilities. In other words, effective teaching comprises delegating duties to pupils in a gradual manner. The third assumption that was uncovered during the semester is the opinion that an effective teaching involves covering the entire coursework. Most teachers believe that for students to learn, they must cover the entire syllabus. There is no problem in covering the curriculum or sharing as much information as possible with students. However, a teacher is not assured that the students will understand all that is covered. Mostly, students tend to forget if they are fed with a lot of informatio n (Pressley, Johnson, Symons, McGoldrick, Kurita, 2004). A lasting teaching does not entail sharing a lot of information with learners. Instead, it comprises breaking the information into parts and sharing it bit by bit. Covering a lot of content can â€Å"result in students missing the main ideas, trying to memorize everything and recalling little after the test† (Pressley et al., 2004, p. 23). The assumption that effective teaching entails finishing the syllabus is wrong. Rather than covering the entire syllabus, a teacher should focus on the key concepts that students need to learn. Besides, the teacher should identify the various abilities related to those concepts. They should use simple words to explain the concepts or come up with relevant examples. The semester confirmed the importance of intensive teaching. Conclusion Teaching emotive language entails selecting words that stir the emotions of the students. Moreover, it requires encouraging the learners to think alou d and be creative. The success of teaching emotive language lies in the ability to select words that are not only easy to understand but also trigger the imagination. The primary objective of using emotive language is to draw the attention of the students. A teacher has to use words with favorable connotation to avoid misunderstandings. References Baumann, J. (2005). The effectiveness of a direct instruction paradigm for teaching main idea comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 20(2), 93-108. Carnine, D. (2007). Diverse learners and prevailing, emerging and research-based educational approaches and their tools. School Psychology Review, 23(2), 341-350. Emerson, G. (2014). Ten common assumptions about teaching: Reflections on Taylor and Miller. Canadian Journal of Education, 11(1), 9-19. Garrison, D. (2006). A cognitive constructivist view of distance education: An analysis of teaching-learning assumptions. Distance Education, 14(2), 199-211. Giannakidou, A. (2006). Only, emotive factive verbs, and dual nature of polarity dependency. Language, 82(3), 575-603. Hess, F. (2009). Revitalizing teacher education by revisiting our assumptions about teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 60(5), 450-457. Kinnucan-Welsch, K. (2007). Challenging assumptions about teaching and learning: Three case studies in constructivist pedagogy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 14(4), 413-427. Pressley, M., Johnson, C., Symons, S., McGoldrick, J., Kurita, J. (2004). Strategies that improve childrens memory and comprehension of text. The Elementary School Journal, 90(1), 3-32.

Integrity and Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integrity and Social Responsibility - Essay Example International human rights law imposes obligations and responsibilities on Governments, and thus promotes and ensures protection of the fundamental freedom of groups and individuals (Ohchr.org, n.d.).Thus, Governments play a significant role as they are responsible to comply with the international human rights law and to refrain from acts that are contradictory to this law. Human rights are based on the principle of universality, which is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This principle was first declared in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948 (Ohchr.org, n.d.). Also, human rights are interdependent, interrelated and indivisible, whereas all people have the right to life, freedom of expression, equality before the law, right to education, social security, work, to self-determination, and personal development (Ohchr.org, n.d.). Another cross-cutting principle in international human rights law is the principle of non-discrimination. This principle is integrated into all major human right treaties, and has a central theme in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ohchr.org, n.d.). Today, human rights are identified and declared in the numerous declarations, resolutions, and conventions, including the following: United Nations Convention: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its Protocols; The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action; ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of 1998; and United Nations Convention: International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (Global Reporting Initiative, n.d.). Increased public awareness and presence of various international organizations facilitate the process

Baking Class-Research Terms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Baking Class- Terms - Research Paper Example This method is founded on whipping sugar and eggs/yolks to the ribbon stage, dry ingredients are then folded, the egg white is whipped to stiff peaks then folded into the sugar, egg/egg yolk, and dry mixture, lastly fat is folded into the batter. 9) Rolled in fat dough- This is dough in which the fat or filling is incorporated in many layers by using a rolling or folding procedure. It is used for flaky baked goods like croissants, puff pastry and Danish breads. 12) Creaming method- This method is initiated by the blending of sugar with butter until fluffy, eggs are added one by one and allowed to mix into the batter, dry and liquid ingredients are then added. This method is used for preparation of cookies, certain muffins, cakes, and quick breads. 14) Parchment paper- This is heat resistant paper that has been treated and is used in the kitchen for tasks like lining baking pans, wrapping foods to be cooked for instance en papillote, and covering foods when shallow

Research in psychology-week3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research in psychology-week3 - Essay Example Furthermore it uses meta- analysis to compare this rate of relapse of offences in juveniles to those of adults and the findings indicate that it was relatively lower but not significantly different. This quantitative research analyses the issue at hand using an appropriate research framework because the situation requires the division of clearly defined variables. The undertaking is most appropriate as it is conducted by the use of meta-analysis. Using this approach the researchers gets the opportunity to critically evaluate and statistically combine results of comparable studies to the one he is currently conducting hence acquiring a comprehensive findings. This in regard to the current study would be to analyze the characteristics of the juvenile justice and compare the probability of repeat offences with that of the instruments of adult risk assessment. The findings indicate the presence of strong similarities between the two. Susan J. Smiths ‘Crime and the structure of soci al relations’ analyses the geography of crime. Looking at the element of victimization in an ethically mixed inner city the findings of the study suggest that the distribution of crime reflects the lifestyle and the activity patterns of a community. Using aspects of an exploratory research and observation the researcher addresses abstract concerns about the problems of law and order by highlighting certain characteristics of a specific residential environment and the effect of crime in terms of social anxieties it faces. The approach taken by the research is deemed most appropriate considering the achieving of an understanding of a complex phenomenon. Furthermore it investigates the relationships and patterns in the context in which the activity happens. This can be seen in the way the findings indicate that the more an environment is prone to violence in terms of trends of lifestyle the more the crime feeds into the structure of a society and social relations. References Cra ig S. Schwalbe. Risk Assessment for Juvenile Justice: A Meta-Analysis. Law and Human Behavior, 31, 449 - 464. Susan J. Smith. Crime and the Structure of Social Relations. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 9,

The Importance Of Language In The World English Language Essay

The Importance Of Language In The World English Language Essay Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow.   ~Oliver Wendell Holmes. Language is a vital tool for communication. It is not only a means of communicating thoughts and ideas, but it builds friendships, economic relationships and cultural ties. We can communicate only with signs without language. More over a language distinguishes the differences and also celebrates the uniqueness of cultures in a country or in a region or in a community. A Language shapes the way people perceive the world and it also helps to define culture of any society. Any language is a gift the knowledge of more than one language makes a man more efficient and skilful in many ways. It opens our minds and guides us into a magical world of fancies and dreams. To certain the proper learning of language helps us to develop ourselves, our minds, and also our personality. Human language is unique because it is a symbolic communication system that is learned instead of biologically inherited for some people. Functions of Language: The three important functions of a language are as follows: Informative function: The primary function of a language is to communicate any information. This function accepts or denies assumptions such as the scientific fact or the factual statements. This function helps us to state the logical facts clearly. Expressive Function: The secondary function of a language is to convey the feelings or emotions or attitudes of somebody. We have poetry and other forms of literature in order to express our inner feelings in a better way. They evoke our feelings and also express our feelings. Directive Function: This function of language directs us to do some action. We come across directive function in requests and commands. Hence it is proved that language plays a important role in different walks of life. 1.1.2 Importance of English: English has been the considered to be the first global Lingua Franca. In todays modern world the English language has become part and parcel of every existing field. It has been an international language of communication, business, science, information technology, entertainment and so on. Earlier everyone is considered to be literate by their degrees and diplomas, but the knowledge of English language makes an individual literate in todays world. Though many countries do have English as their native language, those who have the command over the English Language are considered and respected as highly educated. Moreover they ocean of career opportunities are opened to those English speaking people anywhere and everywhere. It has become the working of English and also an inevitable requirement for a number of fields, professions such as computing and medicine. In todays world of globalization, we have to get knowledge of advanced technologies and all kinds of branches of Science. There is an urgent requirement of such a common language which can be understood by youth all over India and the language in which all data and information is available. Moreover English language becomes a store house of social and political knowledge. The most recent and the most sophisticated discoveries and inventions in science and technology are being made in the universities located in the United States of America where English language is the means of scientific discourse. The world of today needs English for some of the following reasons: Internet: Due to the rapid growth of Information Technology especially the world of internet, English Language rules users of Internet. We cannot be effective in the internet world without the English Language. It has also become the official language of the internet. The advent of online universities has now made it possible for everyone to learn English. Everyone gets access to the features of internet even across the countries. The Internet has opened up new career opportunities for every citizen of the world outside their respective countries. Internet has also plays a vital to promote and to spread the English language throughout the globe and more and more people are exposed to the English language and the English has become also the language of the internet as well. Education: The field of education has amplified the function of English Language. Most of the educational resources, materials and books are in English. The global educational systems in the universities around the world have the requirement of English Language. People those who study in abroad use English language as a medium of communication and learning. The lack of English knowledge makes anyone insufficient in the realm of education in todays world. Communication: The most important function of a language is to communicate properly. Hence English language also plays a powerful tool in communication. In order to communicate successfully, one needs a language that is commonly understood by most of the people in the speech community. For many years, English has become the common language globally understood and appreciated by nearly everyone. In other words English becomes an effective instrument to communicate with everyone around the world. Information technology uses this ability of English to function well in the field of communication by internet and emails. Travel: English is spoken around the globe next to Mandarin Chinese. It has been stated that out of the nearly six billion people living in the world today around three hundred and fifty million do speak English. It has become the International Business Language. Many countries around the world make use of English Language for the governance. The relationship among the countries around the world is enhanced by the effective communication in English. Language differs from nation to nation. When we travel around the globe, the English Language becomes the rescue factor to communicate with everyone. Business: English language has been the language of business in todays electronic world. A good number of companies have ventured into sending the production to overseas in order to cut down their costs. In other words, the companies around the world are in to outsourcing and off-shoring business. In order to communicate with the business people of other countries, English Language becomes the effective tool. It is the trading language of the world to a certain extend. A sound knowledge of English Language makes an individual to be a successful business man around the world. 1.1.3 English Language in India When the British started ruling India, they searched for educated Indian mediators who could help them to administer India. The British Government turned to high caste Indians to work for them. Many high caste Indians, especially the Brahmans and the other people of high caste worked for them. The British policy was to create an Indian class who should think like the British. It was said then in England Indians in blood and color but English in taste, in opinions and morals and intellect. The English also instituted in India universities based on English models with emphasis on English. These Indians also obtained their education in British universities. The English Christian missionaries arrived in India from 1813 and they also established schools at primary level for Indians in which the language of instruction was local language and also they taught English. After that the missionaries established high schools with English as the language of instruction which gratified the Indians who wanted to study to have a sound knowledge of English Language. The British rulers started building their universities in India from 1857. English turned to be the first language in Indian education. The modern leaders of that age in India also substantiated English language and stated it to be the main mean towards victory. Indians who knew good English were considered as the new elite of India. Many new schools were set up in which the language of instruction was English. According to the British government laws the language of instruction at university level was English and therefore schools that stressed English were chosen by ambitious Indians. Even after the independence of India, English continued to be the foremost language of India. Officially English language was given a status of an assistant language and was supposed to cease officially after 15 years of Indias independence, but it still continues to be the significant language of India. Even today the schools in India that give importance to English are considered better schools and the same is the case at university levels, even though there is a tendency towards Indianization. For a good number of students, English is their first language and it is easier for them to communicate, read and write in English than in Indian languages, including their mother tongues. In the 1970s and 1980s about one third of the Indian schools emphasized English as their first language. We do have many Indians becoming more and more famous in the English Language and in the English Literature. They have also won a good number of International awards for their knowledge and the mastery in English. One most famous among them is Arundati Roy, who won the prestigious Booker Prize for her novel The God of small things. English has become the language of the latest business management in the world and Indian proficiency in English has brought glory to many Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce; it has become increasingly essential for inter-state commerce and communication. 1.1.4. First year college students and their standard of English: The first year college students of India especially of Tamilnadu come from different medium of higher secondary such as English, Angelo Indian, Tamil, State Board, CBSE and other vernacular medium. Invariably the standard of the English of these students vary significantly. Most of them jump into the college life suddenly without having sufficient knowledge of English language. Though there have been English as a subject in the educational system for nearly ten years in the school life, their knowledge of English is very poor and insufficient. They do struggle in many ways to cope up with the College studies and they are disappointed. Many of them feel inferior and also do not put any effort to improve their standard of English language. Only very few of them come out of their nest and shed their tears to learn and to improve English. The causes for this condition of the students vary from individual to individual. Every student with insufficient knowledge of English so many things t o share about it. Hence this study about the first year college going to students of Tamilnadu with a special reference to their standard of English, attempts to explore the hidden and unsolved problems in a significant manner. 1.1.5 Reasons for choosing this topic for my research? After interacting and relating with the first college students all over Tamilnadu, I do feel and understand the struggles they undergo with regard English Language. Most of the subjects are in English and also the medium of instruction is English. They become inferior and also they do not find the way to improve their standard of English in order to cope up with the new academic life. Hence I have made this study to help them out in my own way. 1.1.6 Aim of My Study My study thus attempts to render solutions to the problems faced by the students with special reference to English Language learning and communication. Though this study will not remove all the hurdles faced by the first year college going students, it will create an awareness to improve their standard. My study will also uncover all the hidden problems of them and show the reality without any prejudice. As future teachers and professors, we will understand our students in a better and help them out to walk towards the path of success.

Work Trends - Contractors, Temporary Workers, Annualised Hours :: Business Management Studies

Work Trends - Contractors, Temporary Workers, Annualised Hours Changing working environments Trends  · Use of contractors  · More temporary workers  · Annualised hours  · More part-time working  · Self-employment  · Hiring consultants Employers Advantages Disadvantages 1. Less cost less employment costs helping the business compete 2. Hiring consultants bring experts into the business 3. business can cope with sudden and unexpected changes in sale 4. Less hiring costs 5. Les costs. Flexible workforce can reduce employment costs, helping a business to compete more effectively with other businesses 6. Using a consultants and self-employed people bring expertise into the business 7. The use of consultants and self-employed people means that businesses do not have to pay to them 1. Difficult to communicate with P/T and temporary workers-don’t know them 2. More labour turn over 3. Poor reputation as employers Good effects o employees  · Some employees, such as these with responsibilities for looking after young children, want only part-time or temporary work. They would be happy to be part of a flexible workforce  · Working as part of a team can be a good experience. Employees may enjoy working with other people and learning from more experienced workers. Research says that working in tem can raise morale  · Some employees may prefer to be employed as teleworkers, working from home. Teleworkers do not have the cost and the bother of travelling to work everyday. They can live where they wish and need not to be close to the business that employs them Bad effects on employees  · Some workers may be very dissatisfied with temporary contracts. They might want the security of a permanent job and not feel committed to the business. They may feel unsettled and want to look for other work

Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison

†Battle Royal† is a chapter in â€Å"Invisible Man†, a novel by Ralph Ellison. In his lifetime, â€Å"Invisible Man† is Ellison’s sole novel but it won him the National Book Award in 1953. What makes the novel special is that it addresses the intellectual and social issues during the post-civil war American Black identity. It also includes the relationship among Marxism, Black Nationalism and the racial policies started by Booker T. Washington. †Invisible Man† was published in 1952 and it showed another angle of the racial tensions that were brewing in America at that time.It was unapologetic and was aware that racial equality was not emerging. It was inspired by the Harlem Renaissance with the goal of uplifting the black race through art and literature. †Invisible Man† takes on a pessimistic point on race relations. Ellison’s approach was not entirely alongside the black arts movement literature. It was in between the e xtreme and the conservative, similar to the literature that was released during the 1960s and 70s black arts movement. â€Å"Invisible Man† served as the indicator of the transitioning period (Schor 240). The narrator has no name.He introduces himself as the â€Å"invisible man. † According to him, people are unwilling to notice him, primarily because he is black. But he has a positive way of seeing this. Because of his ‘invisibility’, he doubts his existence and is anguished. He feels that he needs others to see him. He tries but he rarely succeeds. Basically, the central struggle of the Narrator is his conflict on how others view him and on how he sees himself. The stereotype of him as a mugger is generated because of his color. The â€Å"blindness† of others is rooted from the inability of the Narrator to not allow these cliches be imposed on him.(Sun Joo Lee) It is also ironic that the Narrator confirms his invisibility to the readers by not men tioning his name. He introduces himself as the Narrator, no more no less, thus only heightening his ‘invisibility’ even to those who he’s letting into his life. The chapter entitled â€Å"Battle Royal† begins with the Narrator recalling his grandfather. He was meek and often said yes to the whites. He received great praise from them because of this quality. However the Narrator was not proud of this particular trait of his grandfather and claimed that he was in fact haunted by it in their town.The important points raised in the first chapter titled â€Å"Battle Royal† began when the Narrator recalled the time he delivered a class speech at his graduation. The speech encouraged submission and humility for the advancement of the African Americans. This suggestion was a success that the town arranged him to deliver the peace in the gathering with the white citizens. The Narrator and some of his African American classmates were asked to take part of the even called â€Å"battle royal. † It was the highlight of the evening. They wore boxing gloves and entered a ring.A naked blonde Caucasian woman with an American flag painted on her belly marched around the ring. The African American students, including the Narrator looked down. The whites insisted that they looked at the woman. The whites placed blindfolds around the African Americans and asked them to pummel each other.They encouraged them to viciously fight one another. The Narrator was defeated during the last round. The whites removed their blindfolds. The contestants were led to a rug that had coins and some bills. The boys grabbed the money but were electrocuted because there was a current running through the rag.The white men forced the African Americans to remain on the rug. When the Narrator was giving his speech, the white men scoffed at him and ignored his quotations and verbatim texts from Booker T. Washington. He was asked to repeat the â€Å"social responsibi lity† part of his speech.He finished delivering this and received a round of applause. The white men handed him a briefcase made of calfskin. He was told that the contents would determine the fate of the African American. Inside the briefcase, the Narrator received a scholarship grant to the state college for African Americans.He was still excited despite his discovery that the coins on the electrocuted carpet were only brass tokens. †Battle Royal† is only one chapter in â€Å"Invisible Man† but it already holds the main points of Ellison’s novel. To analyze it, we begin with the narrator’s grandfather’s take on the emotional and moral ambiguity of the racial tensions in the United States. It is no question that the grandfather was submissive and allowed to be dominated. The grandfather confessed that he is a traitor to the policy because of his meekness.The Narrator felt that his grandfather betrayed not only himself, but his family, hi s ancestors as well as his future generations (Wolfe). It is crucial, according to the grandfather, that the Narrator, as an African American maintain two identities. Outside, he should embody a good slave, behaving the exact way the master wanted him to. Inside, he should keep the resentment and the bitterness that was imposed by the false exterior. This is ambiguous because why would one encourage an action when it would only lead to something negative in the end.Here, role-playing is introduced. It becomes a method that is important in the rest of the novel. While the Narrator is attacked by outside forces, he can bring out his mask as his form of defense. The Narrator was encouraged early on to pull off a performance as the good slave.This attacked his sense of self. The text mentioned that the excessive obedience to the expectation of the white Southerners became the disobedience for the African Americans. According to the grandfather, the family could â€Å"overcome the white people with yeses, undermine them with grins.† It suggested that an African American family could play the rift between the perceptions of others in contrast to how they perceived themselves (Valiunas 3) The Narrator believed that by obeying his grandfather’s command, he too would receive praise and respect from the white Southerners in their village.He was right, in a way. The Caucasians granted him a scholarship. However, it was ironic that on the night he received this opportunity, he was also asked to take part on the barbaric and degrading battle royal. This showed the tension between rebellion and obedience and on how the white men continue to manipulate the African Americans.The battle royal showed Ellison’s metaphor of blindness. It was also a way of masking the African Americans their objectives from what was asked of them. The white men viewed the African Americans as not only inferior beings but as animals as well.The blindfolds the African Americans wore pertain to their own blindness. They were unable to understand that the goodwill that was being showered to them (the coins and the bills) was all false. To add salt to the wound, there was the electric current running on the rug. Ellison, as a writer, did not limit his work to allegories and symbolisms.He presented his thoughts through the narrator’s speech. He entered the tradition of the Black Movement. He discouraged the optimistic social program headed by Booker T. Washington. The speech, in particular, had long quotations from the great reformer’s Atlanta Exposition Address of 1895 (Bloom 28).Ellison didn’t believe in the optimistic assessment of the Caucasians. During his time, the successful African American businessmen were still vulnerable tot eh racial prejudices of poor and uneducated African Americans. Ellison argued this pointing out Washington’s belief through the Narrator’s grandfather ideology.Then there was the white audience who taunted and humiliated the hardworking yet polite Narrator. Finally, the briefcase was coined as â€Å"badge of office. † This was another irony because when one pertains to a badge, they usually refer to an emblem or an insignia that is associated to the job and position of the person. The text however only elaborated that the Narrator was in â€Å"office† because he was a good slave. The briefcase appeared throughout the novel, which served as the reminder for the Narrator of his self-effacement.If the reader would continue reading â€Å"Invisible Man†, he would discover that the Narrator matured and developed a new understanding on race relations. He began to assert his identity with his relations. Similar to other works such as Charles Dickens’ â€Å"Great Expectations† and â€Å"David Copperfield†, Charlotte Bronte’s â€Å"Jane Eyre† and Mark Twain’s â€Å"Huckleberry Finn†, Ellison’s novel  "Invisible Man† discussed the individual’s existence alongside people who deemed him different because of his non-traditional ways.The â€Å"novel of formation† is considered to be the kind of existentialism that combines the story of the lead with the world where he discovered what he was trying to find out in terms of his race, his society and his identity (Butler 588). †I felt a wave of irrational guilt and fear. My teeth chattered, my skin turned to goose flesh, my knees knocked. Yet I was strongly attracted and looked in spite of myself. Had the price of looking been blindness, I would have looked. † (Ellison 939).This was from the original short story â€Å"Battle Royal† which eventually became the first chapter of the â€Å"Invisible Man. † This conveyed the desired of the African American spirit during the age of oppression that was overshadowed by fear and ignorance. Ellison used perception in order to give the readers the thoug ht provoking and shocking dissertation on what the African American culture had to go through, despite the notions that equality was brewing. â€Å"Battle Royal† is an allegory that illustrates the African American community’s journey to overcome the oppressive attitudes of Caucasians.The novel is a record of the African American’s search for success over the adversities he faced. Like any other fiction, Ellison devotes his work to an experience. The Narrator shifts from naivety and enchantment into a structured realization of his pretentiousness.Ellison’s work continues to be updated, despite it being published in 1952. The Narrator wondered â€Å"Could politics ever be an expression of love? † This might be a meaningless question for most but for the Narrator, it is appropriate that he presented his thoughts as the passive victim of every experience.He was dissuaded by the white to discover his real self and was limited when it came to the possib ilities. His â€Å"invisibility† was manipulated by the social group that was deemed to be superior than his. He wasn’t able to fully assert his individuality.The fact remained that the Narrator had to stumble over various social fences before he could recognize those â€Å"infinite possibilities† in front of him. Regardless, â€Å"Battle Royal† is abundant of the primary talent that was rooted from Ellison.With his intelligence on the subject matter, the novelist was wildly inventive in coming up with the scenes that were dipped in tension. It was probably painful for him to see his people bleeding so he wrote in a language that stung the reader.No other writer was able to capture the agony, gloom and confusion of the African American life as well as Ellison. Most reviewers commend â€Å"Battle Royal† as a good reading, not only for African American studies but for English Literature as a whole.This short story is a cry from the African Americans that they should be heard and by reading this, they would be.Works Cited Schor, Edith Visible Ellison Greenwood Press, 1993 Sun Joo-Lee, Julia, â€Å"Knuckle Bones and Knocking Bones† Vol 36, 2002 Wolfe, Jesse â€Å"Ambivalent Man: Ellison’s Rejection of Communism† Vol 34, 2000 Valiunas, Albert â€Å"The Great Black Hope† Vol 119 March 2005 Bloom, Harold, African Americans In Literature Chelsea House, 1986 Butler, Robert J. , The Critical Response to Ralph Ellison, Greenwood Press, 2000. Ellison, Ralph, Invisible Man. Chelsea House, 1986.

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Norway (Past- Present) Norway: From It’s Past To It’s Present For ages ago, appeared the forefathers of what is the present day Norway. In a time of 10,000 years ago, these early Norwegian were mainly relayed on their prey such as reindeer. There is no historical agreement to where these ancestors had appeared from. Below I will explain the history of Norway from its past to its present. Some of their artifacts were of the same type had been discovered in Southern Sweden and in Denmark. Examples of these artifacts are claimed to be flint tools, clay vessels, art, and rock carvings. By the Bronze Age which had appeared in the 1500 to 500 BC, had started a turning point in the Norwegian history. Through the majority of the population were hunters, some had found advancements and technologies for agriculture. In the Roman Age ( 0-400 AD) was the beginning of more advancements and people began to become more civilized. Many of these advancements were the discovery of glass, weapons, bronze utensils, and the art of writing and communication. These writings were in a form of runic letters, which became popular in the Nordic times. Around the year 400 scientist and historians have found out that the Nordic forefathers began to migrate most of the time. The era of the Vikings marks a historical stand point in the prehistoric Norway. Through without written sources, the Vikings had left many archaeological remains, and stories which were inherited by mouth to generation to generation. It also has been said that out of the prehistoric period in Northern Europe, the Viking age was the richest of the all. For the early Vikings their job were mainly settled in Northern Scotland and Ireland. They were also sailors and explorers. The most two popular explorers were Eric the Red, and Leif Ericson. With their advancements, they were able to build worthy ships. The areas explored and traveled were countrie... Free Essays on Norway Past And Present Free Essays on Norway Past And Present Norway (Past- Present) Norway: From It’s Past To It’s Present For ages ago, appeared the forefathers of what is the present day Norway. In a time of 10,000 years ago, these early Norwegian were mainly relayed on their prey such as reindeer. There is no historical agreement to where these ancestors had appeared from. Below I will explain the history of Norway from its past to its present. Some of their artifacts were of the same type had been discovered in Southern Sweden and in Denmark. Examples of these artifacts are claimed to be flint tools, clay vessels, art, and rock carvings. By the Bronze Age which had appeared in the 1500 to 500 BC, had started a turning point in the Norwegian history. Through the majority of the population were hunters, some had found advancements and technologies for agriculture. In the Roman Age ( 0-400 AD) was the beginning of more advancements and people began to become more civilized. Many of these advancements were the discovery of glass, weapons, bronze utensils, and the art of writing and communication. These writings were in a form of runic letters, which became popular in the Nordic times. Around the year 400 scientist and historians have found out that the Nordic forefathers began to migrate most of the time. The era of the Vikings marks a historical stand point in the prehistoric Norway. Through without written sources, the Vikings had left many archaeological remains, and stories which were inherited by mouth to generation to generation. It also has been said that out of the prehistoric period in Northern Europe, the Viking age was the richest of the all. For the early Vikings their job were mainly settled in Northern Scotland and Ireland. They were also sailors and explorers. The most two popular explorers were Eric the Red, and Leif Ericson. With their advancements, they were able to build worthy ships. The areas explored and traveled were countrie...

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The Godfather Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Godfather - Research Paper Example This paper makes an analysis of the whole film, its plot and characters. According to the paper the film consists of a number of themes that can be developed into a number of films. For instance, the film can be evaluated as a gangster film which portrays the war among the mafia groups in New York. On the other side, this film can be evaluated as the after effect of the disagreement among mafia families in New York. At the same time, this film represents the growth of some immigrant families into mafia families. From a different angle, this film represents the dilemma faced by protagonist and his rapid development to a mafia leader. In short, the film does is not confined to the context of a gangster film, but extends to the contexts of personal/family problems and violence. This paper comes to the conclusion that the most important advantage of the film is the importance given to the message against violence and bloodshed. As pointed out, the director makes use of the main characters to convey his message to the viewers. Within this context, the director makes use of the film as a medium to create awareness among the mass on end result of drug trafficking and related violence. On the other hand, the most important disadvantage of the film is that it deals with violence and bloodshed as an integral part of the underworld. This may create bias against the underdogs in the society. So, one can see that the film is with a number of pros and cons. In short, the director’s aim to make use of his characters as his mouthpiece to convey his message against the anti-social elements in the society proves to be successful to an extent.

T-Test and Chi-Test Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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